CA APM Introscope Reporter

CA APM helps to monitor applications and react quickly when certain performance issues may occur. GigaSpaces provides many metrics like: processing units This is the unit of packaging and deployment in the GigaSpaces Data Grid, and is essentially the main GigaSpaces service. The Processing Unit (PU) itself is typically deployed onto the Service Grid. When a Processing Unit is deployed, a Processing Unit instance is the actual runtime entity., spaces and machines that compose the grid. The metrics can be reported to Instroscope, so that its advanced features might be used to further analyze metrics data. GigaSpaces CA APM Introscope Reporter provides a way to send GigaSpaces related metrics to Introscope.

Architecture

The major components of CA Introscope are the Enterprise Manager, CA Introscope agents, Workstation, WebView, SmartStor, and APM database as shown in the graphic above. Many smaller components are explained in the CA Introscope product documentation.

Enterprise Manager

The Enterprise Manager acts as the repository of CA Introscope performance metrics. The Enterprise Manager receives performance metrics from one or more CA Introscope agents, allowing users to collect metrics centrally from many applications, application servers, and supporting systems. You can deploy the Enterprise Managers in different ways depending on the size and complexity of the enterprise system. The role of a specific Enterprise Manager depends on how it is deployed in a standalone or in a clustered CA APM environment.

Agents

CA Introscope agents collect and report several types of application and environmental performance metrics. One agent is deployed per process (Java Virtual Machine [JVM Java Virtual Machine. A virtual machine that enables a computer to run Java programs as well as programs written in other languages that are also compiled to Java bytecode.] or .NET CLR instance). The total number of agents depends on the size of the CA Introscope deployment, for example: A small pilot network uses as few as half a dozen agents to monitor a few test applications. A large extended enterprise production environment uses hundreds or thousands of agents to monitor applications across the enterprise.

CA Introscope agents collect performance metrics from several sources:

• The various components inside the running application
• The application server
• Performance and availability data from the surrounding computing environment.
• The agents then report these metrics to the Enterprise Manager.

You can import real-time generic and non-Java data into CA Introscope through modified version of the agent named the Environment Performance Agent (EPA or EPAgent). EPA uses simple scripts that allow CA Introscope to monitor virtually any type of application subsystem impacting performance. For example, using EPA CA Introscope can monitor directory servers, operating systems and messaging middleware. 

GigaSpaces Integration

Features

GigaSpaces-CA APM-introscope introduces the following features:

• Reporting metrics to Introscope (more details)
• Inserting hierarchy into metrics (more details)
• Modifying reported metrics names and values to conform to Introscope requirements (more details).

Requirements

• CA APM Introscope 9.6 environment. The integration was tested with CA APM Introscope 9.6 however, higher versions (at least 9.x) should also integrate properly.
• Enable network input to Introscope, Introscope reporter in GigaSpaces metrics configured (more details).

Configuration

We will show you how to configure a working environment with GigaSpaces sending metrics information to CA Introscope.

Basic configuration

The steps below use only basic configuration without getting into details, more information is available here.

1. Edit IntroscopeEPAgent.properties file: add line introscope.epagent.config.networkDataPort=MY_PORT (by default this line is commented), where MY_PORT should be replaced with a port number, on which EPAgent will wait for data.
2. Make sure that port MY_PORT is open on a machine where EPAgent will be deployed.
3. Edit $<GS_HOME>/config/metrics/metrics.xml file: add the following piece of XML code to reporters node (MY_PORT should be replaced with a value from the previous point, MY_HOST with IP address or hostname of a machine where EPAgent will be deployed):

    <reporter name="introscopeReporter" factory-class="com.gigaspaces.metrics.IntroscopeReporterFactory">
        <property name="host" value="MY_HOST"/>
        <property name="port" value="MY_PORT"/>
    </reporter>

Starting Introscope and GigaSpaces

1. Start the Introscope environment (setup instructions cab be found here).
2. Start the GigaSpaces data grid by running the following command: $<GS_HOME>/bin/gs-agent.sh.

Observing Metrics

1. Log in to webview.
2. Go to Investigator tab, then Metric Browser tab.
3. Node *SuperDomain*/XAP GigaSpaces eXtreme Application Platform. Provides a powerful solution for data processing, launching, and running digital services host/EPAgentProcess/EPAgent(*SuperDomain*) should contain a sub-node xap that is the root of all metrics reported by GigaSpaces.

Configuration

To properly work, the integration requires a some configuration on both the Introscope and GigaSpaces sides.

Introscope Properties

The GigaSpaces Introscope integration communicates with EPAgent deployed in an Introscope environment. It requires EPAgent to listen on a certain port for metrics data. To enable receiving metrics from network, property introscope.epagent.config.networkDataPort should be uncommented in IntroscopeEPAgent.properties (by default this is EPAgent configuration file, in case another file is used, described steps should be performed on that file) and set to port on which EPAgent will listen for metrics data, e.g.

introscope.epagent.config.networkDataPort=8003

GigaSpacesMetrics Configuration

File $<GS_HOME>/config/metrics/metrics.xml contains GigaSpaces metrics configuration. The important part for the integration is a list of reporters - IntroscopeReporter must be added to it. Moreover, it has two mandatory properties:

• host - hostname or ip address of a machine with EPAgent. Mandatory.
• port - port on which EPAgent listens for metrics data. This value has to match introscope.epagent.config.networkDataPort property described in the previous paragraph. Mandatory.
• hierarchy_pattern - This is an optional property. Pattern used to build name of the highest level of hierarchy. It may contain a {lookuplocator} or {lookupgroup} substrings, which will be replaced by current lookuplocator or lookupgroup, respectively. If output of pattern conversion is empty or contains { or } signs, then it will be recognized as invalid and an IllegalArgumentException will be thrown. This property is optional, since it has default value {lookupgroup}-{lookuplocator}.

Below config to be included within the metrics.xml file:

    <reporters>
        <reporter name="introscopeReporter" factory-class="com.gigaspaces.metrics.IntroscopeReporterFactory">
            <property name="host" value="127.0.0.1"/>
            <property name="port" value="8000"/>
            <property name="hierarchy_pattern" value="grid-{lookupgroup}"/>
        </reporter>
    ...
    </reporters>

Integration Details

This paragraph describes the important aspects of the GigaSpaces-CA APM Introscope integration.

Integration with GigaSpaces

GigaSpaces provides a well-defined point of integration - custom reporter. The integration is implemented based on GigaSpaces' metrix framework:

• IntroscopeReporter - the main class that handles sending metrics inherits from MetricReporter
• IntroscopeReporterFactory - a class that creates reporters derives from MetricReporterFactory

Integration with CA APM Introscope

Introscope gathers metrics data from applications using agents. It provides several agents - one agent per one web framework. However, this functionality is not needed to integrate with GigaSpaces, since all metrics are already being gathered by GigaSpaces. The problem lies in reporting data to Introscope. This task can be solved by EPAgent.

EPAgent

EPAgent (Environment Performance Agent) is a special type of agent that is used to monitor system wide or user defined statistics. It is a natural point of integration with GigaSpaces. There are several ways of sending data to EPAgent: plugins, simple HTTP server, network communication.

• Plugins - EPAgent allows users to define custom plugins that are either separate programs or Java classes run by EPAgent.

• HTTP Server - EPAgent (in Introscope 9.6) can create a simple HTTP server. In that case metrics are reported by sending GET requests with metric data (metric name, type, value) in query to the server.

• Network communication - EPAgent may expose a port on which it will listen for requests containing metric data.

Integration by plugins would require additional work, because plugin semantics is that it pulls data, while the desired behavior is to accept data sent by GigaSpaces. The second method conforms to this requirement, however, it is not scalable, since one request carries only one metric value. Obviously, it would cause too much overhead. Moreover, this feature is deprecated and may be removed from Introscope. The last proposal solves all those issues: EPAgent listens for data and one requests contains multiple entries.

Security Warning

EPAgent accepts all data that it receives via network (i.e. without authentication). Therefore, access to it must be limited by firewall.

Data Format

EPAgent accepts metric data that is sent in specific format. Otherwise, it may log erroneous values or does not log them at all. Each line should contain data for one measured value. There are two formats for a single line: simple format or XML format. The latter one was chosen, since it provides more control over reported data (less restrictions on metric name, possibility to specify type of value).

Format of each line is as follows:

     <metric type="TYPE" name="NAME" value="VALUE" />

There are three fields that need to be populated: type, name and value. Only the first one requires a short comment. Introscope has few types of metrics defined. Some of them are connected with a little bit of logic - e.g. Introscope may compute average value of all reported values. However, the integration uses only the most basic ones - LongCounter for numerical data and StringEvent for others, because statistics are already processed by GigaSpaces and need only to be exported to Introscope.

Below is an example of metric data sent to Introscope:

<metric type="LongCounter" name="xap|groupA|myhost|lus|20237:lus_items" value="1" />
<metric type="LongCounter" name="xap|groupA|myhost|lus|20237:lus_pending-events" value="0" />
<metric type="LongCounter" name="xap|groupA|space|space_metricsSpace|0|primary:operations_lease-expired" value="100" />

Timestamps Warning

There is no possibility to tie metric data with timestamp. Introscope connects a single metric report with the time it was received by Introscope, not sent by GigaSpaces. This means that sending metrics in batch should be disabled, when integrating both systems.

Hierarchy Insertion

GigaSpaces reports tens of different predefined metrics per machine that belongs to a grid, deployed processing units or Space Where GigaSpaces data is stored. It is the logical cache that holds data objects in memory and might also hold them in layered in tiering. Data is hosted from multiple SoRs, consolidated as a unified data model. (you can find more information here). Additionally, there might be also custom metrics defined by users. Even for one machine, number of metrics becomes too high for human-being to track them easily in webview in flat format. Hierarchy is inserted by modifying metric name - it has the given format:

RESOURCE_SEGMENT_1|...|RESOURCE_SEGMENT_N:METRIC_NAME

Resource segments are optional. They are separated from name by : and are separated from each other by |. Multiple resource segments create hierarchy, e.g. metrics xap|groupA|myhost|lus|21950:lus_items and xap|groupA|myhost|lus|21950:lus_listeners can be seen as:

xap
+– groupA
  +– myhost
    +– lus
      +– 21950
        — lus_items
        — lus_listeners

As you see these have a tree like format. IntroscopeReporter takes care of inserting hierarchy into predefined metrics, while custom metrics are reported without any name modifications.

Converting the Metrics Format

Important task of IntroscopeReporter is to convert received metrics to Introscope format. The format was described in the previous paragraph, this paragraph lists all conversions done on metrics.

Metrics Hierarchy

Inserting hierarchy into metric name depends on an initial metric name and available additional data retrieved from MetricTagsSnapshot. GigaSpaces comes with predefined metrics and hierarchy related conversions are performed for such metrics, while custom metrics names are almost untouched.

Operating System Metrics

OS metrics name starts with os_. IntroscopeReporter performs different conversion on network related and non-network related statistics.

OS Metrics / Network Metrics

Metric name starts with os_network_.

Format: xap|$TOP_LEVEL|$HOST|os|network|$NIC:METRIC_NAME_WITHOUT_PREFIX

OS Metrics / Non-Network Metrics

Metric name starts with os_ and not with os_network_.

Format: xap|$TOP_LEVEL|$HOST|os|others:METRIC_NAME

Process|JVM|LRMI Metrics

Those metrics start with "process", "jvm" or "lrmi_". There are 2 subtypes - metrics for specific pu This is the unit of packaging and deployment in the GigaSpaces Data Grid, and is essentially the main GigaSpaces service. The Processing Unit (PU) itself is typically deployed onto the Service Grid. When a Processing Unit is deployed, a Processing Unit instance is the actual runtime entity. or process-wide (e.g. for GSA Grid Service Agent. This is a process manager that can spawn and manage Service Grid processes (Operating System level processes) such as The Grid Service Manager, The Grid Service Container, and The Lookup Service. Typically, the GSA is started with the hosting machine's startup. Using the agent, you can bootstrap the entire cluster very easily, and start and stop additional GSCs, GSMs and lookup services at will., GSC Grid Service Container. This provides an isolated runtime for one (or more) processing unit (PU) instance and exposes its state to the GSM., etc.).

Process|JVM|LRMI Metrics / per PU

Metric tags contain pu_name key.

Format: xap|$TOP_LEVEL|pu|$PU_NAME|$PU_INSTANCE_ID:METRIC_NAME

Process|JVM|LRMI Metrics / Process-Wide

Metric tags do not contain pu_name key.

Format: xap|$TOP_LEVEL|$HOST|$PROCESS_NAME_$PID:METRIC_NAME

Lookup Service Metrics

Metric name has a lus_ prefix.

Format: xap|$TOP_LEVEL|$HOST|lus|$PID:METRIC_NAME

Processing Unit Metrics

Metric name has a pu_ prefix.

Format:

xap|$TOP_LEVEL|pu|$PU_NAME|$PU_INSTANCE_ID:

METRIC_NAME_WITHOUT_PREFIX

Space Metrics

Space metrics name starts with "space_". Metrics for primary and backup are converted a little bit different.

Space Metrics / Primary Partition

Metric tag space_instance_id contains only numbers.

Format:

xap|$TOP_LEVEL|space|$SPACE_NAME|primary$SPACE_INSTANCE_ID:

METRIC_NAME_WITHOUT_PREFIX

Space Metrics / Backup Partition

Metric tag space_instance_id does not consist only of numbers.

Format:

xap|$TOP_LEVEL|space|space_$SPACE_NAME|backup$SPACE_INSTANCE_ID:

METRIC_NAME_WITHOUT_PREFIX

Other Metrics

Metrics that do not meet conditions of any types presented above, are considered as others and almost no conversion is performed on them.

Format: xap|$TOPLEVEL:METRIC_NAME

Data Types

The GigaSpaces-apm-introscope uses two types of metrics: LongCounter and StringEvent. LongCounter is reserved for numerical values - if an object representing metric value inherits from Numerical, it is supposed to be logged as LongCounter. Otherwise, metric type would be StringEvent.

A String object with numerical value (e.g. "0") would be recognized as StringEvent.

Introscope Metrics Requirements

Introscope adds a few constraints on metrics and IntroscopeReporter conforms to all of them by modifying metric names or values.

Metric name and resource segments are cleaned from special signs, i.e. : and |. If a full name contains more than one resource-name separator (:), then this metric will not be logged at all. If any of resource segments contains resouce-resource separator (|), then a hierarchy level will be split.

Metric value of LongCounter type must carry integer value. Unfortunately, Introscope does not have any separate type for floats/doubles. Therefore, all numeric values are rounded. There are a few predefined metrics that suffer a little from this constraint (e.g. process_cpu_used-percent). However, those values are from 0 to 100 and in most cases reporting 65 instead of 64.7 is acceptable. It is worth to remember about this requirement if custom metrics with narrow range of values (e.g. from 0.0 to 1.0) may be defined - in this case it could make sense to report values multiplied by 10, 100, etc.

Development Environment Installation Steps

Steps below describe how to set up development environment to start working on this plugin. Files required:

• EPAgent9.6.0.0unix.tar
• introscope9.6.0.0otherUnix.jar
• osgiPackages.v9.6.0.0.unix.tar

To set up the development environment:

1. Install docker and docker-compose.
2. Clone repo https://github.com/stefansiegl/docker-introscope.git.
3. Copy introscope9.6.0.0otherUnix.jar and osgiPackages.v9.6.0.0.unix.tar to docker-introscope/enterprise-manager/9.6.0.0, docker-introscope/sample/9.6.0.0 and docker-introscope/webview/9.6.0.0.
4. Copy EPAgent9.6.0.0unix.tar to docker-introscope/sample/9.6.0.0.
5. Edit file docker-introscope/sample/9.6.0.0/IntroscopeEPAgent.properties, in section EPAgent Configuration uncomment line containing introscope.epagent.config.networkDataPort and change port if the default one is taken.
6. Edit file docker-introscope/sample/9.6.0.0/run-default-sample-container.sh and open port used in the previous point by adding -p PORT:PORT to the docker run command, where PORT should be substituted with a proper port number.
7. Run command: docker-compose -f docker-compose-with-sample.yml up
8. Open your browser on a page webview-ip:8080 (webview-ip is an IP adress of docker container), type: user: Admin and password leave empty. In case you receive HTTP 404 error, wait a minute, because server used in webview needs a little time to start working.